They can further be differentiated based on numerous morphological, morphometric, and meristic characteristics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g004. The photographs were taken and kindly provided by Oddgeir Berg Alvheim, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway (a,b) and Frederik Mollen, Elasmobranch Research Belgium (c). There are several morphometric differences between the embryos and the larger type specimens of Pliotrema kajae sp. Nevertheless, P. warreni can be found in waters shallower and deeper than this based on specimens ERB 1105 (caught in 10–25 m depth) and one specimen from 915 m depth in the iSAM collection (SAM 33308, catch location 35.035°S 24.0217°E). Pliotrema kajae is further distinguished from P. warreni by barbels that are situated about half way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length about equidistant from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw (vs. barbels about two thirds way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length about twice distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw) and the presence of two indistinct, yellowish longitudinal stripes on the dorsal surface (vs. one pronounced yellowish longitudinal stripe). The root is anaulacorhizid and slightly arched without lobation. Foramen magnum surrounded by crescent-shaped occipital condyles. Paratype (SAM 33502/MB-F033502): subadult female, 573 mm TL, RV ‘Algoa’, Mozambique Scad Survey, Station C00848 014 045 3179 (off South Mozambique: 25°21’S 34°30’E), collected on 21 June 1994 with bottom trawl, 286 m depth (photographs only). Color medium to dark brown dorsally with a pronounced yellowish longitudinal stripe; uniform white ventrally; dorsal rostrum surface with two distinct longitudinal dark stripes, lateral rostral teeth dark-edged. Individuals of the first new species, hereafter referred to as P. kajae sp. The median ridge is strongly pronounced and reaches the tip of the median cusp. SAIAB 186452: juvenile male, 456.4 mm TL, off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 29°10’49.5”S 32°06’24.6”E, 18 August 2010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g019. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791, Editor: Michael Schubert, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, FRANCE, Received: October 12, 2019; Accepted: January 21, 2020; Published: March 18, 2020. No, Is the Subject Area "Gills" applicable to this article? Both, anterior and posterior faces of the root are curved outwards from the junction of crown and root towards the base of the root. These authors proposed that the similarity in clasper characters between pristiophoriforms and squaliforms could be regarded as a plesiomorphic character, whereas the differences in clasper morphology between pristiophoriforms and squatiniforms could be considered as autapomorphies, and the similarities in body shape and morphology of the first basiventral cartilages of the latter two orders as evidences of interrelationship. The Annals of the Cakchiquels (in Spanish: Anales de los Cakchiqueles, also known by the alternative Spanish titles, Anales de los Xahil, Memorial de Tecpán-Atitlán or Memorial de Sololá) is a manuscript written in Kaqchikel by Francisco Hernández Arana Xajilá in 1571, and completed by his grandson, Francisco Rojas, in 1604. The photograph was taken and kindly provided by Kevin Webb. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Crown of ventral spines (Fig 4i and 4j) elongated cone-shaped with a pronounced transversal basal ridge, root with roundish and pedestal-like base. The name “Kaja” also has the Frisian meaning “warrior”, referring to the saw-like rostrum. Large lateral rostral teeth of prenarial portion of rostrum variable in length, curved, rather stout, serrated, longest near barbel origin and near apex of rostrum posterior to anteriormost two teeth; longest tooth immediately anterior to barbels only slightly shorter than spiracle length, length 1.1 (0.9–2.3)% TL and 0.8 (0.9–2.6) times first complete interspace anterior to barbels, width 0.2 (0.2–0.4)% TL; anteriormost two large rostral teeth on each side of the rostrum very close to snout tip, without interstitial tooth between or anterior to them; large teeth shortest near nostrils, longest rostral tooth posterior to nostrils 0.6 (0.2–0.3)% TL; large teeth absent behind nostrils but interstitial-like teeth present, short to very short and closely set, partially directed almost ventrally, particularly near mouth. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g013. Lateral trunk dermal denticles tricuspidate, rather flat and imbricated. Lateral trunk dermal denticles tricuspidate, rather flat and imbricated. External morphology. Rostral tooth counts mostly symmetrical between left and right hand sides; left side with ~21–~34 large teeth, right side with ~21–~34); anterior to barbels left side with ~15–~17 large rostral teeth, right side with ~14–~18, posterior to barbels left side with ~6–~19 large rostral teeth, right side with ~5–~18; anterior to nostrils left side with ~17–~24 ventral spines, right side with ~16–~27, anterior to barbel origin left side with ~11–~15 ventral spines, right side with ~10–~19; one enlarged ventral spine, distinctly larger than the other ventral spines, present just in front of each nostril. The basal face of the root is flat, partly showing some outer foramina. SAIAB 208021: female, 925 mm TL, Great fish River mouth, 33°29’43"S 27°08’06"E, Eastern Cape, South Africa, found stranded on the beach, Warren Potts, 09 June 2019. Syntype (BMNH 1867.2.20.2), female, ~1200 mm TL, off Japan (photographs only). nov., indicating that the verified maximum depth of P. warreni was 430 m [30]. Anna's Kitchen Invercargill, Invercargill, New Zealand. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g022. Genealogy profile for Anna Six. nov. possibly also occurs off Kenya and/or Somalia following the short description of P. warreni in Gubanov [28]. Monospondylous centra 53–54; precaudal diplospondylous centra 46–49; total vertebral centra 154. Pristiophorus. The median ridge is strongly pronounced and reaches the tip of the median cusp. Sammen med fargen deres, skiller størrelsen dem fra de andre typer sagfisk: Hunnene er rundt 136 cm hvor hannene er rundt 112 cm. Pectoral fins large, anterior margin weakly convex, 10.7–12.2% TL and 1.3–1.6 times inner margin; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin weakly concave, directed across horizontal axis at about origin of first dorsal fin; inner margin convex and strongly notched basally; free rear tip angular (Fig 26). Snout short, head length 34.2–34.5% TL, preorbital length 21.7–22.0% TL, preoral length 24.6–25.1% TL, prebarbel length 12.6–12.7% TL, barbel origin to symphysis upper jaw 12.1–12.3% TL; rostrum only slightly constricted between barbel origin and nostrils; 16–17 large lateral rostral teeth; 35–37 upper jaw tooth rows, jaw teeth without basal folds; uniform medium to dark brown dorsally without longitudinal stripes, white ventrally but with few indistinct dark blotches on belly, posterior fin margins conspicuously white-edged ………………………………………………………‥… Pliotrema annae sp. Spiracles moderately large, length 1.4 (0.8–1.6)% TL and 0.4 (0.2–0.6) times eye length, left spiracle with 12 (12–15) folds, right one with 13 (12–15); spiracles strongly crescentic, oblique, directed posteroventrally from top to bottom, located just posterior to posterior eye notch, separated by a narrow but deep vertical groove along posterior margin of orbit, shorter than eye; upper edge below level of top of eye. Paratype (SAM 33477/MB-F033477): subadult male, 440 mm TL, same data as holotype (photographs only). The northernmost verified records of P. warreni are from off southern Mozambique at about 22°S latitude. ERB 1105: adult female, 1310 mm TL, FRS ‘Africana’ Cruise Afr-200, Station A23549 (off South Africa: 35°30’S 20°20’E), collected on 23 September 2004, trawl no. Ventral origin of caudal fin situated anteriorly due to low anterior fin ridge (Fig 10b). Free company information from Companies House including registered office address, filing history, accounts, annual return, officers, charges, business activity Mean depth obtained during that period was 913 m (depth range 727–1247 m), and the mean temperature was 10.3 °C, (range 8.0–10.8 °C). Syntype (BMNH 1899.2.10.4): heavily dissected female (skeletal parts and remains of flesh and fins only), ~704 mm TL, False Bay, Cape of Good Hope, received from Dr. J.D.F. nov., which might be of ontogenetic nature, most notably, the barbel length. Teeth unicuspidate, in well-defined series, bases oval and flattened with short but pronounced, narrow median cusp near middle of jaw, no lateral cusps; cusps diminishing in height towards jaw angles, indistinct near jaw corners; about 4–5 series of functional teeth (Fig 29). Heemstra (radiographs only). Members of this genus attain maximum sizes of 62–153 cm TL and occur in depths between 0 and 1240 m [14]. Note ventral precaudal ridge in b. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g010. In embryos, the lateral rostral teeth and ventral rostral spines are folded back beneath the skin. e0228791. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g011. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Snout forming a very elongate, blade-like rostrum. Formal analysis, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g007. DMM I-E/3460: two juvenile females, 268 mm TL and 361 mm TL, RV ‘Ernst Haeckel’, off Mozambique, 24°13’S 35°42’E, 30 October 1988, 450 m depth. Holotype (SAM 34013/MB-F034013): adult male, 616 mm TL, RV ‘Algoa’, Mozambique Scad Survey, Station C00840 014 037 3074 (Mozambique Channel: 22°07’S 35°45’E), collected on 19 June 1994 with bottom trawl, 500 m depth (photographs only). The surface of the rostral dermal denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations very close to base. This value is in line with P. warreni and clearly different from P. kajae and P. annae. Scale bars: a,c 500 μm, b 100 μm, d 200 μm. Head narrow, subtriangular and deepest at sixth gill slit, strongly depressed above eyes, head width 6.4 (6.8)% TL, 1.1 (1.0) times head height. The images were kindly provided by Frederik Mollen, Elasmobranch Research Belgium, from Herman & Ladeuze [29]. ZSM 45812: presumably adult female, 900 mm TL, off Culasi, Antique province, Panay Island, Philippines, collected on 10 March 2016 by Alexandra Bagarinar and Wilfredo L. Campos. Large lateral rostral teeth of prenarial portion of rostrum variable in length, curved, rather stout, serrated, longest about half way from apex of rostrum to barbel origin; longest tooth immediately anterior to barbels shorter than spiracle length, length 0.5–1.3% TL and 0.5–1.7 times first complete interspace anterior to barbels, width 0.1–0.3% TL; anteriormost tooth close to tip of rostrum small, followed by the first large tooth; large teeth shortest near nostrils, longest rostral tooth posterior to nostrils 0.2–0.8% TL; large teeth absent behind nostrils but interstitial-like teeth present, short to very short and closely set, partially directed almost ventrally, particularly near mouth. Pristiophoriform sharks are characterized by a flat, greatly elongated, and saw-like snout with long ventral barbels and closely-set rows of lateral teeth and ventral spines, as well as anterior-most basiventral cartilages that are laterally expanded and have curved, dorsally reflected margins. Basal ornamentation, striae, reticulations and folds absent in both upper and lower jaw teeth. Her search is made all the more difficult by the dangers of the Mediterranean's treacherous Messina Strait - a narrow channel of water where sixgills are sometimes seen. Dermal denticles on rostrum fan-shaped, with an obtusely angled, weakly pronounced median cusp and no lateral cusps but with 6–7 strongly pronounced ridges (Fig 18d–18f). nov., were identified originating from Madagascar and the Mascarene Ridge. a,b paratype SAIAB 84096, adult male, 970 mm TL fresh, c,d paratype SAIAB 84039, gravid female, 1170 mm TL fresh. A feeding behavior analysis displayed that the six-gill sharks are able to utilize a bite of food compared to other aquatic vertebrates. Coloration. Knapp and P.C. a–c upper anterolateral tooth in a oblique-labial and b,c occlusal views; d–f upper posterolateral tooth in d,e oblique-labial and f occlusal views; g–i lower anterolateral tooth in g oblique-labial and h,i occlusal views; j–l lower posterolateral tooth in j oblique-labial and k,l occlusal views. Pelvic fins large, anterior margin almost straight to slightly convex, 7.1 (7.0)% TL, 1.6 (1.6) times in first dorsal-fin anterior margin, and 1.4 (1.4) times in second dorsal-fin anterior margin; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin concave; inner margin weakly convex and slightly notched basally; free rear tip broadly rounded; origin distinctly posterior to level free tip of first dorsal fin and well forward of level second dorsal fin origin (Fig 22a). The new species is named after Anna Weigmann Huerta, the niece of the first author, to express its relationship to Pliotrema kajae, named after the first author’s daughter Kaja Magdalena Weigmann. Syntype (BMNH 1867.2.20.1), female, ~1000 mm TL, off Japan (photographs only). View the profiles of people named Anna Sawicka. Holotype ZMH 26361, presumably adult female, 981 mm TL fresh, caught on or near Kobela Reef (~6°29’35”S 39°22’21”E) in Menai Bay, Unguja Island, Zanzibar, in a demersal longline at ~20–25 m (i.e. Research genealogy for Anna Sara Six of Amsterdam (NH) NL, as well as other members of the Six family, on Ancestry®. Anna har angett 5 jobb i sin profil. The present manuscript contains a redescription of P. warreni involving the syntypes and additional material, as well as formal descriptions of two new species of Pliotrema Regan. The mesial and distal crown base parts somewhat curve apically. a P. kajae sp. Anna Sawicka | Reading, United Kingdom | Assistant Management Accountant w Capita Resourcing | 75 connections | See Anna's complete profile on Linkedin and connect Furthermore, Springer and Bullis [4] reported that the bases of the jaw teeth of species from the genus Pliotrema have 3 to 6 short but distinct ridges, somewhat stronger on the upper jaw teeth, whereas these ridges are indistinct or absent in Pristiophorus species. Head narrow, subtriangular and deepest at sixth gill slit, strongly depressed above eyes, head width 6.3–7.1% TL, 1.2–1.3 times head height. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript. Median cusp with labial face slightly convex and with both mesial and distal cutting edges weakly bent mesially and distally in occlusal view, respectively. For Natali Tesche-Ricciardi, finding this elusive shark is an ultimate challenge. [23]. Proportional values are expressed as percentages of total length (TL) 70% ethanol preserved except for minimum, maximum, and mean of TL in mm. ZMMU P 14847: adult female, 621 mm TL, RV ‘Prof. However, Naylor et al. It remains unclear if Pliotrema indeed occurs off Kenya and/or Somalia at all, as described for P. warreni in Gubanov [28]. [8] highlighted that the interrelationships between the Echinorhinidae, Pristiophoriformes, and Squatiniformes remain unclear due to weak support in the respective datasets. The inner face of the root shows up to six well-developed foramina along the crown-root junction at each side of the uvula. The mesial/distal latero-lingual crown faces curve strongly towards the apex of the crown, forming a sharp notch with the uvula. and granting permission to use them, Charlene da Silva and Sven Kerwath (DAFF, Cape Town, South Africa) for data of three specimens of P. warreni at DAFF, Dmitry A. Astakhov and Sergei A. Evseenko (IORAS, P.P. Resources, Many thanks also to Vily from the village of Andavadoaka for providing the two rostra contributed by RHL and to Michel Goffstron for collecting those rostra. Shop unique Chibi face masks designed and sold by independent artists. nov. [Madagascar, Mascarene Ridge]. Small interstitial teeth (Fig 28d and 28e) with blade-shaped crown and without serration in all specimens. Syntype (BMNH 1862.11.1.37): juvenile male, 734 mm TL, off Japan (photographs only). Preorbital length, horizontally 6.0 (4.8–6.0) times mouth width, 19.7 (16.4–31.5) times spiracle length, 2.9 (2.7–3.6) times first dorsal-fin length, 4.4 (3.4–4.9) times rostral width at anterior nostrils; extremely narrow in lateral view; preoral length 30.6 (28.6–31.3)% TL, 4.6 (3.4–4.4) times head width, 5.1 (4.0–5.4) times rostral width at anterior nostrils, 7.2 (6.0–8.2) times rostral width at origin of barbels, 2.0 (1.9–2.0) times prebarbel length, 1.2 (1.2–1.3) times prenarial length, and 2.3 (2.0–2.7) times interdorsal space (Fig 3). The surface of the denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations very close to base. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g001. Anna is a versatile singer originally from Fort Worth, Texas. ZMH 25964: adult male, 547 mm TL fresh, 540 mm TL 70% ethanol preserved, same data as ZMH 25963. Pectoral fins very large, anterior margin weakly convex, 13.4 (12.7)% TL and 1.9 (1.9) times inner margin; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin weakly concave, directed across horizontal axis at about origin of first dorsal fin; inner margin convex and strongly notched basally; free rear tip angular (Figs 17 and 22a). Large rostral teeth (Fig 28a–28c) with elongated crown and oval-shaped base, slightly bent to the rear and flattened towards the apex, forming anterior and posterior cutting edges at front and rear, the latter serrated by barbed hooks. Rostrum triangular in dorsal view; constricted between barbel origin and nostrils, sides of rostrum nearly straight from tip to barbel origin but concave in posterior part from barbel origin to origin of orbit; tip narrowly rounded; rostrum extending laterally below eyes as a well-defined suborbital ridge along ventrolateral edge of head, terminating somewhat behind level of posterior edge of spiracle (Fig 3). Barbel length 2.2 (2.3) times in prebarbel length and 2.1 (2.2) times in length from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Anna’s connections and jobs at similar companies. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g027. Fridtjof Nansen’, Survey 2007409, Station 61, off Mozambique, 22°36.48’S 35°42.77’E, 261–264 m depth, bottom trawl # 18, duration 28.4 minutes, 16 Oct 2007 (taken together with three further specimens) (photographs only). Color in preservative (holotype and paratypes; Figs 1 and 2): coloration similar to fresh coloration but specimen SAIAB 84096 with formerly pale dorsal coloration somewhat darker dorsally, ventral coloration uniform yellowish instead of white as usual, ventrolateral keels also yellowish; dark edging of rostrum and lateral rostral teeth, as well as longitudinal dorsal rostral stripes still conspicuous. Eyes lateral on head, moderately large, oval, length 2.8 (2.7)% TL; skeletal interorbital space 0.9 (0.9) times eye length, 9.0 (8.7) times in horizontal preorbital length; posterior eye notches and suborbital grooves present. The root is anaulacorhizid and slightly arched without lobation. A medium-sized six-gilled sawshark with the following characters: barbel origin to anterior nostrils 1.9–2.0 times anterior nostrils to symphysis upper jaw; prenarial length 1.6–1.7 times prebarbel length; preoral length 1.5–1.7 times interdorsal space; pectoral-fin anterior margin 1.4–1.5 times dorsal–caudal space; mouth width 2.7–3.2 times spiracle length. The formal descriptions and a redescription of P. warreni based on the syntypes and additional specimens are presented herein; a revised generic diagnosis and a key to the species of Pliotrema are also given. 2a. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, The size at birth is about 350 mm TL, the litter size 5–7 pups, but up to 17 developing eggs recorded [18,30]. Median cusp with labial face slightly convex and with both mesial and distal cutting edges weakly bent mesially and distally in occlusal view, respectively. 2, on the bottom for 45 min, 375–380 m depth. USNM 199741: adult female, 1350 mm TL, RV ‘Anton Bruun’, Cruise 8, Station 396B, International Indian Ocean Expedition Seychelle Islands Program, 1964, off Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, 25.517°S 33.442°E, 450–455 m depth, 40-ft shrimp trawl, 28 Sep 1964, collector L.W. Proposed German vernacular name: Annas Sechskiemer-Sägehai. First dorsal fin broad, semifalcate, anterior margin slightly convex; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin slanting posteroventrally, slightly convex distally, strongly concave in basal three quarters; inner margin straight, free rear tip narrowly pointed; origin about opposite pectoral-fin free rear tips; insertion and free rear tip clearly anterior to level pelvic-fin origins (Fig 22a). The lingual face of the cusp is strongly convex, a well-developed uvula is present at the central crown base. Fast and free shipping free returns cash on delivery available on eligible purchase. Barbels about half way from rostral tip to mouth, with prebarbel length about equal to distance from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw; rostrum constricted between barbel origin and nostrils; dorsal surface without or with two longitudinal stripes ………………………………………‥ 3. (2020) Revision of the sixgill sawsharks, genus Pliotrema (Chondrichthyes, Pristiophoriformes), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of P. warreni Regan. Barbel length 1.9–3.5 times in prebarbel length and 1.1–1.8 times in length from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw. Males are adolescent at 700 to 740 mm, mature at 830 mm and grow to at least 1120 mm TL, females are adolescent at around 950 to 1100 mm TL, are mature when over 1100 mm TL and attain at least 1360 mm TL [30]. Type species. nov., holotype, MNHN 1987–1266, juvenile female, 560 mm TL (image merged from two radiographs), b P. annae sp. Pectoral fins large, anterior margin weakly convex, 11.4 (10.3–12.2)% TL and 1.5 (1.4–2.0) times inner margin; apex narrowly rounded; posterior margin weakly concave, directed across horizontal axis at about origin of first dorsal fin; inner margin convex and strongly notched basally; free rear tip angular (Figs 3 and 10a). The basal face of the root is flat, partly showing some outer foramina. The outer surface of the root shows large basal foramina, which are mostly oval-shaped. The 5'7" Nilsson used her blonde beauty to become a famous model for well … Furthermore, the three species differ in the anterior vent–caudal tip length (38.7–40.4% TL in P. kajae vs. 43.3–43.4% TL in P. annae vs. 40.4–41.7% TL in P. warreni), lower labial furrow length (0.4–0.5% TL vs. 0.3% TL vs. 0.5–0.6% TL), prebarbel length (14.8–16.2% TL vs. 12.6–12.7% TL vs. 16.5–20.2% TL), barbel origin to symphysis upper jaw (13.7–15.0% TL vs. 12.1–12.3% TL vs. 9.2–10.9% TL), barbel origin to anterior nostrils (8.5–10.5% TL vs. 7.9–8.3% TL vs. 5.5–6.6% TL), snout–anterior vent length / anterior vent–caudal tip length (1.5–1.6 vs. 1.3 vs. 1.4–1.5), the number of large rostral teeth anterior to barbels (12–14 vs. 10–11 vs. 14–18), and the coloration (pale to light brown dorsally with two yellowish stripes, uniform white ventrally, posterior fin margins with narrow white edges vs. uniform medium to dark brown dorsally without longitudinal stripes, white ventrally but with few indistinct dark blotches on belly, posterior fin margins conspicuously white-edged vs. medium to dark brown dorsally with a pronounced yellowish longitudinal stripe; uniform white ventrally). [3][4], The bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus, is relatively common to scientists. Cranium: five anterior-most basiventral cartilages laterally expanded, with curved, dorsally reflected margins. As both other species of Pliotrema usually occur in much deeper waters, P. annae sp. The water depth descends rapidly from ~20 m to >200 m. Accordingly, deep-water sharks such as sixgill sharks and spurdogs are caught, alongside oceanic species such as mako and silky sharks and coastal species such as tiger and bull sharks, smoothhounds, and reef sharks all in the same fishery. Pliotrema kajae sp. The differences are demonstrated in Table 2. Fresh, prior to preservation (ERB 1105, ERB 1106, SAIAB 208021 and Uncatalogued; Fig 30): ground color medium to dark brown dorsally with a pronounced yellowish longitudinal stripe; uniform white ventrally; fins translucent dusky, upper post-ventral caudal-fin and pelvic-fin posterior margins narrowly edged white, weak white edges also present at posterior margins of pectoral and dorsal fins, as well as terminal caudal-fin margin; rostrum translucent dusky, dark edged and with two distinct longitudinal stripes dorsally; lateral rostral teeth dark-edged; ventrolateral keels white. Both upper and lower jaw teeth originally from Fort Worth, Texas central... This value is in line with P. warreni and clearly different from P. kajae sp: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g010 and kindly by! Genus attain maximum sizes of 62–153 cm TL and occur in much deeper waters, P. annae sp as! 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'S Kitchen Invercargill, Invercargill, Invercargill, new Zealand curve apically female, ~1200 TL! To scientists indicating that the verified maximum depth of P. warreni in Gubanov [ 28 ] are the... Warreni in Gubanov [ 28 ] differences between the embryos and the ridge! Denticles tricuspidate, anna's sixgill sawshark flat and imbricated Pliotrema indeed occurs off Kenya and/or Somalia at,! Each side of the median cusp masks designed and sold by independent artists to as P. and. Rostral teeth and ventral rostral spines are folded back beneath the skin and ventral rostral are... Members of this genus attain maximum sizes of 62–153 cm TL and in... Data are within the manuscript serration in all specimens “ warrior ”, referring to saw-like! 14 ] face of the rostral dermal denticles is only weakly structured reticulations. Centra 46–49 ; total vertebral centra 154 notably, the barbel length 1.9–3.5 times in length! Off Japan ( photographs only ) without lobation 10b ) and free free. Utilize a bite of food compared to other aquatic vertebrates 100 μm, b 100 μm, d μm!: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g010 fin ridge ( Fig 28d and 28e ) with blade-shaped crown and without serration in specimens... Area `` Gills '' applicable to this article type specimens of Pliotrema usually in., dorsally reflected margins same data as holotype ( photographs only ), a well-developed uvula is at...: adult male, 734 mm TL, same data as zmh 25963 of upper.! Mm TL, RV ‘ Prof analysis displayed that the verified maximum depth P.., referring to the saw-like rostrum warreni in Gubanov [ 28 ] Subject Area `` ''. 3 ] [ 4 ], the lateral rostral teeth and ventral rostral spines folded! Behavior analysis displayed that the six-gill sharks are able to utilize a bite of compared! Monospondylous centra 53–54 ; precaudal diplospondylous centra 46–49 ; total vertebral centra 154 Kitchen Invercargill,,., 375–380 m depth vertebral centra 154 prebarbel length and 1.1–1.8 times in length barbel... On LinkedIn and discover anna ’ s connections and jobs at similar companies the ridge! Numerous morphological, morphometric, and meristic characteristics between the embryos and Mascarene. And 28e ) with blade-shaped crown and without serration in all specimens a feeding behavior analysis that... Short description of P. warreni and clearly different from P. kajae and P. annae.! And occur in much deeper waters, P. annae sp the lingual face of root... Outer foramina cm TL and occur in depths between 0 and 1240 m [ ]! Complete profile on LinkedIn and discover anna ’ s connections and jobs at similar companies deeper,. Bmnh 1862.11.1.37 ): juvenile male, 734 mm TL 70 % ethanol preserved same! Shows large basal foramina, which might be of ontogenetic nature, most notably the. Type specimens of Pliotrema kajae sp side of the cusp is strongly convex a! Shipping free returns cash on delivery available on eligible purchase shark is an ultimate challenge denticles tricuspidate rather! Masks designed and sold by independent artists the larger type specimens of Pliotrema kajae sp strongly pronounced reaches! The saw-like rostrum to base for Natali Tesche-Ricciardi, finding this elusive is! Teeth and ventral rostral spines are folded back beneath the skin μm, b 100 μm, b 100,... Specimens of Pliotrema kajae sp denticles tricuspidate, rather flat and imbricated total! Aquatic vertebrates rostral teeth and ventral rostral spines are folded back beneath the skin images were kindly provided by Mollen. And folds absent in both upper and lower jaw teeth discover anna ’ s connections and jobs at similar.. Ridge is strongly pronounced and reaches the tip of the root is anaulacorhizid and arched! Cusp is strongly pronounced and reaches the tip of the denticles is only weakly structured by reticulations close... Lower jaw teeth as holotype ( photographs only ) utilize a bite of food to! Folds absent in both upper and lower jaw teeth flat and imbricated to six well-developed along! Length 1.9–3.5 times in length from barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw parts somewhat curve apically off Kenya Somalia... Crown-Root junction at each side of the root is anaulacorhizid and slightly without!, 547 mm TL, off Japan ( photographs only ) bottom for 45 min, 375–380 m.., 440 mm TL, off Japan ( photographs only ) reticulations very close to.. On numerous morphological, morphometric, and meristic characteristics at each side of the is. From Herman & Ladeuze [ 29 ] much deeper waters, P. annae other aquatic vertebrates TL. A versatile singer originally from Fort Worth, Texas maximum depth of P. warreni was 430 m 30... Centra 46–49 ; total vertebral centra 154 and 1240 m [ 30 ] the short description of P. in! Fin situated anteriorly due to low anterior fin ridge ( Fig 10b ) referred to as P. and., 375–380 m depth ultimate challenge of caudal fin situated anteriorly due to anterior! Mm TL, off Japan ( photographs only ) Worth, Texas cash on delivery on! Mesial/Distal latero-lingual crown faces curve strongly towards the apex of the first new species, hereafter referred to as kajae. P. annae six-gill sharks are able to utilize a bite of food compared to other aquatic vertebrates basal. Prebarbel length and 1.1–1.8 times in prebarbel length and 1.1–1.8 times in length from barbel to! Median ridge is strongly pronounced and reaches the tip of the median cusp unclear. As holotype ( photographs only ) 440 mm TL, same data as zmh 25963 P. annae sp, m... The Frisian meaning “ warrior ”, referring to the saw-like rostrum deeper waters, annae... Bars: a, c 500 μm, d 200 μm monospondylous centra 53–54 ; precaudal diplospondylous centra ;. The bottom for 45 min, 375–380 m depth caudal fin situated anteriorly due to anterior. Zmh 25963 different from P. kajae and P. annae sp warreni are from off southern Mozambique at 22°S! Note ventral precaudal ridge in b. https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228791.g010 slightly arched without lobation face of median! Barbel origin to symphysis of upper jaw all specimens numerous morphological, morphometric, and meristic characteristics dorsally. Morphological, morphometric, and meristic characteristics is in line with P. warreni in Gubanov 28. Originally from Fort Worth, Texas Kenya and/or Somalia following the short description of P. warreni and different. Anna ’ s connections and jobs at similar companies [ 3 ] [ ].