Muslim representation is nowhere close to being proportional with their 27% share in the population in West Bengal either, but their representation has somewhat improved numerically. It is decked up in lighting decorations and thousands of colourful pandals are set up where effigies of the goddess Durga and her four children are displayed and worshipped. [193], Rice and fish are traditional favourite foods, leading to a saying in Bengali, "machhe bhate bangali", that translates as "fish and rice make a Bengali". [20][21], In 2011 the Government of West Bengal proposed a change in the official name of the state to PaschimBanga (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Pôshchimbônggô). Folk music in West Bengal is often accompanied by the ektara, a one-stringed instrument. Monsoons bring rain to the whole state from June to September. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. [139] There is passenger service to Port Blair on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. [117] Agriculture is the leading economic sector in West Bengal. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. [155] [191][192], The capital, Kolkata, was the workplace of several social reformers, including Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar and Swami Vivekananda. West Bengal's total fertility rate was 1.6, lower than Bihar's 3.4, which is the highest in the entire country. It was absorbed into the Mughal Empire in 1576. [42] It was ruled by dynasties of the Bengal Sultanate and feudal lords under the Delhi Sultanate for the next few hundred years. Facts About West Bengal: 1. [166], The latest Sample Registration System (SRS) statistical report shows that West Bengal has the lowest fertility rate among Indian states. During the Islamic Bengal Sultanate, founded in 1352, Bengal was major world trading nation and was often referred by the Europeans as the richest country with which to trade. [16][17], The origin of the name Bengal (Bangla and Bongo in Bengali) is unknown. 1) Bengali Brahmins are distinct. Bengal's TFR of 1.6 roughly equals that of Canada. This was aided by the advent of information technology and IT-enabled services. [132], As of 2011, the total railway route length was around 4,481 km (2,784 mi). [53], When India gained independence in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. [158] The gender ratio is 947 females per 1,000 males. [234], Cricket and association football are popular sports in the state. [75][76] In 2006 the state's healthcare system was severely criticised in the aftermath of the West Bengal blood test kit scam. Bengali 24-hour television news channels include ABP Ananda, News18 Bangla, Tara Newz, Kolkata TV, News Time, Zee 24 Ghanta, Mahuaa Khobor, CTVN Plus, Channel 10 and R Plus. Just like Durga Puja, Christmas in Kolkata is an occasion when all communities and people of every religion take part. [235][236][237] Kolkata is one of the major centres for football in India[238] and houses top national clubs such as Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, East Bengal Club and Mohammedan Sporting Club. A notable tree from the Sundarbans is the ubiquitous sundari (Heritiera fomes), from which the forest gets its name. Indian art saw the introduction of Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [111], As of 2015[update], West Bengal has the sixth-highest GSDP in India. [39] Following the Ghurid conquests led by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, it spread across the entire Bengal region. [129] West Bengal has been able to attract 2% of the foreign direct investment in the last decade.[130]. [83], West Bengal's climate varies from tropical savanna in the southern portions to humid subtropical in the north. Kolkata district is bordered by the North 24 Parganas district on the north and on the east, South 24 Parganas district on the south. The state invites musical groups from Darjeeling and other North East India states to perform choir recitals, carols, and jazz numbers. [95], The distribution of vegetation in northern West Bengal is dictated by elevation and precipitation. [115] Per-capita NSDP growth rate at current prices varied from 9.4% in 2010–2011 to a high of 16.15% in 2013–2014. T he spotlight in 2021 seems to be on the West Bengal assembly election but it is the Assam polls that will tell the big political story of recent years — another convincing win by the Bharatiya Janata Party would show how it has learnt to capture territories that are not organic to it, not just electorally, but also politically and culturally. [58][59] Clashes with the administration took place at several controversial locations over the issue of industrial land acquisition. [108] Siliguri is an economically important city, strategically located in the northeastern Siliguri Corridor (Chicken's Neck) of India. Christianity in West Bengal, India is a minority religion. All are important cultural events. Data reveals that out of all the criminal cases from across India in which foreigners were booked, West Bengal came first with a whopping share of 49 per cent. Both have significantly higher Muslim population in terms of percentages. A brief history of migration in West Bengal. Terms of office run for five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. [156] The Hindu population of West Bengal is 64,385,546 while the Muslim population is 24,654,825, according to the 2011 census. There is a gender disparity in school attendance in the 6 to 14-year age group, more girls than boys are attending school. [32], Two kingdoms—Vanga or Samatata, and Gauda—are said in some texts to have appeared after the end of the Gupta Empire although details of their ascendancy are uncertain. [154] Buddhism remains a prominent religion in the Himalayan region of the Darjeeling hills; almost the entirety of West Bengal's Buddhist population is from this region. Prajna Bhavan, housing the School of Mathematical Sciences and School of RKMVU. [160][161] The proportion of people living below the poverty line in 2013 was 19.98%, a decline from 31.8% a decade ago. On this counts, Assam was ahead of West Bengal with a crime rate of 3.7. The citadel of Gauḍa served as the capital of the Gauḍa Kingdom, the Pala Empire, and the Sena Empire. [98] The mangrove forest also acts as a natural fish nursery, supporting coastal fishes along the Bay of Bengal. [152] Muslims, the second-largest community as well as the largest minority group, comprise 27.01% of the total population,[153] Sikhism, Christianity, Buddhism and other religions make up the remainder. The Left Front, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), governed the state for the next three decades. Abanindranath Tagore, called the father of modern Indian art, started the Bengal School of Art, one of whose goals was to promote the development of styles of art outside the European realist tradition that had been taught in art colleges under the British colonial administration. [69] Significant strides have been made in reducing unemployment,[70] though the state suffers from substandard healthcare services,[71][72] a lack of socio-economic development,[73] poor infrastructure,[74] unemployment and civil violence. Notable sports persons from West Bengal include former Indian national cricket team captain Sourav Ganguly, Pankaj Roy, Olympic tennis bronze medallist Leander Paes and chess grand master Dibyendu Barua. The TMC is trying to invoke the Bengali pride among the voting population, in line with BJP’s ‘Gujarati asmita’ poll plank in Gujarat, following good response to its insider versus outsider campaign. West Bengal has a long tradition of folk literature, evidenced by the Charyapada, a collection of Buddhist mystic songs dating back to the 10th and 11th centuries; Mangalkavya, a collection of Hindu narrative poetry composed around the 13th century; Shreekrishna Kirtana, a pastoral Vaishnava drama in verse composed by Boru Chandidas; Thakurmar Jhuli, a collection of Bengali folk and fairy tales compiled by Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder; and stories of Gopal Bhar, a court jester in medieval Bengal. [150], The state's official languages are Bengali and English;[4] It was one of the four main kingdoms of India at the time of the lives of Mahavira, the principal figure of Jainism and Gautama Buddha, founder of Buddhism. The state tourism department organises a gala Christmas Festival every year in Park Street. While the summer in the delta region is noted for excessive humidity, the western highlands experience a dry summer like northern India. Rhea Chakraborty Controversy Deepens Bengali vs Non-Bengali Divide In Bengal A real-life Bollywood drama is stoking the dormant antipathy between Bengalis and North Indians in West Bengal. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor. The Vidyasagar College was established in 1872 and was the first purely Indian-run private college in India. [206], Eid al-Fitr is the most important Muslim festival in West Bengal. Pollution of the Ganges from indiscriminate waste dumped into the river is a major problem. In West Bengal, 7,820,710 children (0-6) live in rural areas. This indicates the importance of public provision of health services to mitigate against poverty and the impact of illness on poor households. Bengali dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance traditions. [167], The Bengali language boasts a rich literary heritage it shares with neighbouring Bangladesh. [57] Banerjee was re-elected as Chief Minister in the 2016 election in which Trinamool Congress won an absolute majority. Administration by governors appointed by the court of the Mughal Empire gave way to semi-independence under the Nawabs of Murshidabad, who nominally respected the sovereignty of the Mughals in Delhi. [195] Most of the people also consume eggs, chicken, mutton, and shrimp. A leather complex has been built in Kolkata. But that’s really not what I’m interested in. Com curadoria dos analistas de dados da Knoema para fornecer indicadores e previsões líderes de curto e longo prazo a partir de fontes confiáveis para cada uma das indústrias cobertas. Armed attempts against the British Raj from Bengal reached a climax when news of Subhas Chandra Bose leading the Indian National Army against the British reached Bengal. [231], Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Cargo ship service operates to ports in India and abroad, operated by the Shipping Corporation of India. The British East India Company defeated Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab, in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. [33] The first recorded independent king of Bengal was Shashanka, who reigned in the early 7th century. [207], Poush Mela is a popular winter festival of Shantiniketan, with performances of folk music, Baul songs, dance, and theatre taking place throughout the town. TMC strategists later warned Mamata about the risk of alienating Bengal’s 15 million non-Bengali Hindu population. [96] Above an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), the forest becomes predominantly subtropical. Both Assam and Bengal go to polls during the summer of 2021. Subsequently, a lot of Muslims from Bangladesh also started fleeing to West Bengal because of extreme poverty in their state. The ‘Bengali And Non-Bengali’ Divide In West Bengal Politics. East Bengal (Bengali: পূর্ববঙ্গ Purbô Bongo) was a geographically noncontiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan covering Bangladesh.With its coastline on the Bay of Bengal, it bordered India and Burma.It was located very near to, but did not share a border with, Nepal, Tibet and the Kingdom of Bhutan.Its capital was Dhaka. [201], West Bengal produces several varieties of cotton and silk saris in the country. Infiltration from Bangladesh and non-existence of family planning are the two important reasons which are resulting in the growth of the Muslim population in the state of West Bengal. The region was part of several ancient pan−Indian empires, including the Vangas, Mauryans, and the Guptas. Dial-up access is provided throughout the state by BSNL and other providers. Of the 30 per cent, however, at least 24 per cent are Bengali-speaking Muslims. Besides Buddha Purnima, Dashain, or Dusshera, Holi, Diwali, Losar, Namsoong or the Lepcha New Year, and Losoong are the other major festivals of the Darjeeling Himalayan region. Below is the West Bengal district wise population as per Census 2011 and 2020 projection. Coronavirus Data and Insights. From the 3rd to the 6th centuries CE, the kingdom of Magadha served as the seat of the Gupta Empire. In West Bengal, 7,820,710 children (0-6) live in rural areas. West Bengal is a state located in east India and the fourth populated state. Kolkata is the capital city of West Bengal. Together with Bangladesh, it comprises of the ethnosemantic zone of Bengal. [124] The tourism industry of West Bengal was negatively impacted in 2017 because of the Gorkhaland agitation. After Indian Independence, important groups such as the Calcutta Group and the Society of Contemporary Artists were formed in Bengal and came to dominate the art scene in India. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister although the titular head of government is the Governor. [207], The University of Calcutta, the oldest and one of the most prestigious public universities in India, has 136 affiliated colleges. [118]:20 Kolkata is the headquarters of three zones of the Indian Railways—Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway and the Kolkata Metro, which is the newly formed 17th zone of the Indian Railways. In the 1960s, when refugees were rehabilitated in Mohammadpur and Mirpur, most of them were non-Bengali refugees and Bengali refugees from West Bengal were few and far between. Although Hindus are the predominant community, the state has a large minority Muslim population. The region was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.[8][9]. [79] The narrow Terai region separates the hills from the North Bengal plains, which in turn transitions into the Ganges delta towards the south. [118]:14 Tea is produced commercially in northern districts; the region is well known for Darjeeling and other high-quality teas. 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